Obviously, material barriers are inseparably intertwined with attitudes and beliefs that can create barriers.
Parents and caregivers who are transgendered, same sex, newcomers, or visibly different due to their ethno-cultural origins or due to a disability may feel excluded and disaffected because of these factors. When the school environment in no way mirrors their lives, their differences or their experiences, this may lead to feelings of alienation. They may even try to avoid the school as it does not reflect their values, their culture or their identity.